Life of Pi free essay sample

Thesis: Each animal served as essential companions on Pis Journey through their company, the lessons they taught, and the faith they gave for Pi to keep living, that ultimately, through their natures alone, allowed pi to triumph in the face of defeat. (-Hyena the vicious, cannibalistic cook from the ship, kills both the zebra and the orangutang, plainly represents the ruthless evil in the world Zebra a young Chinese sailor whose leg is broken, represents the vulnerable things in life and how they are attacked (like by the hyena who eats the zebra inside-out) 0rangutang Pis mother, represents safety and protection, earlier described as a Holy Mary mother figure (and we find out she was) ) She came floating on an island of bananas in a halo of light, as lovely as the Virgin Mary. The rising sun was behind her. Her flaming hair looked stunning. (2. 42. 1) Pi sees her coming almost like a saviour, he says she is seen in a halo of light Just like how an angel is described. We will write a custom essay sample on Life of Pi or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She symbolizes hope in Pis Journey that he is able to overcome all that he is going through right now, and also gives him faith that salvation can come, Just like she did. How the animals serve as humane company through Pis Journey, he had no one but these animals, orange Juice served as his mother which gave him reassurance each animal helped pi in a different way Teach Pi lessons and enhance his understanding to life each animal taught pi different lessons that will help him survive his Journey Give him the will to keep living all the lessons that each animal has taught P, give him the will to keep living. the crucial live saving lessons, lead Pi to believe that there is hope for him out there everything he learned from the animals helped him Life of Pi free essay sample Animals that escape go from the known into the unknown-and if there is one thing an animal hates above all else, it is the unknown. (Martel 51) Stereotypes are spawned out of peoples hatred and fear for the unknown. Many people in America may believe that all Muslims are terrorists because of no background knowledge into their true religion and beliefs of the Muslim faith. Because these beliefs might differ from the ones that are close to us we see them as a threat and tend to stay away from their thought process.Pi is exceptional in the fact that he is able to overcome the stereotypical boundaries and have a belief in three separate religions that tend not to like one another. The equilibrium Pi has found with his religions is almost nonexistent because of the unaccepting and strong opinionated beliefs many people have in this day and age. Muslims are purely Muslim and Christians are purely Christian, there are not many in-betweens. We will write a custom essay sample on Life of Pi or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The clip below shows a couple that could be perfect for each other except they let their stereotypes and belief systems get in the way.The man feels that he must distance himself as quick as possible from the unknown to be more comfortable. As soon as the woman realizes what he is she feels that she must stay far away from something she does not know and speeds off quickly to return to her known. Because if there is one thing a human hates above all else, it is the unknown. (Tyler, Jeff, Tori, Anna- davis6) Islam ? The fact that the ‘Ulema have failed to diagnose and address the basic ills that plague the Muslim world directly translates into creating an ill repute for the grand faith.Thus, even through humor stems Martel’s critical comment. Islam had a reputation worse than Christianity’s – fewer gods, greater violence, and I never heard anyone say good things about Muslim schools. 4   Ã‚  Ã‚   This criticism arises despite the fact that Martel has at many places subconsciously or perhaps consciously captured Islam quite reasonably. For instance, while on a lifeboat, stranded in the middle of the ocean, Martel’s Pi divides time into five distinct periods and also prays five times.An average day for me, if such a notion can be applied to a castaway, went like this: Sunrise to mid-morning†¦ Mid-morning to late afternoon†¦ Late aft ernoon to early evening†¦ Sunset†¦ Night†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢5   Ã‚  Ã‚   More striking is how Martel captures the notion of faith through a castaway boy, which is so reminiscent of Islam’s definition as complete surrender to God. Faith in God is an opening up, a letting go, a deep trust, a free act of love – but sometimes it was so hard to love. ’7 Hinduism in life of Pi Quotes: I know my surviaval is hard to believe. When I think back, I can hardly believe it myself (Martel 282).You know you have to wonder as well: why is Pi alive to this day telling us of his story? Is it by his wit and will that allowed him to endure the wrath of nature both animal or sea? Or does the reason for Pis survival come down to more than just coincedence, but was someone looking out for him, keeping him safe? So the real question this poses upon all our lives is how we are able to over come such obstucles in our lives by ourselves or is there something helping us along the way. We perished away. It happened slowly, so that I didnt notice it all the time. But I noticed it regularly. We weretwo emaciated mammals, parched and starving. (Martel 301). This brings up another interesting question regaurding life in that you would have to wonder, how do we define life, how do we know we are alive. Some believe it is the experiances we have that no one else could ever imagine or is it the pain we endure. Is that how we all are connected both man and animal, through the suffering that we go through? Is it possible to live a life without pain and still consider it living or is it when we feel something as primal as that is when we know? Nature was sinking fast. I could feel a fatal weakness creeping up on me. I would be dead by the afternoon. (Martel 305).The conversation we had over this quote wouldnt be nessicarly an existential in essance but still an interesting topic nonetheless: how would you behave when you are hours away from death. Being incapabable of doing anything about it, or do anything in general, where would your head be how would you behave? Some of us say we would lose our minds and scream to the winds, some would make peace with god and ourselves, others would strip down naked and run in circles. We believe that it is in the last hours you have left on this earth that our true selves become apparent, so you have to wonder who are you really when the time has come?Hinduism An Overview of Hinduism Hinduism differs from Christianity and other Western religions in that it does not have a single founder, a specific theological system, a single system of morality, or a central religious organization. It consists of thousands of different religious groups that have evolved in India since 1500 BCE. 1 Hinduis m has grown to become the worlds third largest religion, after Christianity and Islam. It claims about 837 million followers 13% of the worlds population. 2 It is the dominant religion in India, Nepal, and among the Tamils in Sri Lanka.According to the Yearbook of American Canadian Churches, there are about 1. 1 million Hindus in the U. S. 3 The American Religious Identification Survey is believed to be more accurate. 4 They estimated smaller number: 766,000 Hindus in 2001. Still, this is a very significant increase from 227,000 in 1990. Statistics Canada estimates that there are about 157,015 Hindus in Canada. 5 Hinduism is generally regarded as the worlds oldest organized religion. Most forms of Hinduism are henotheistic religions. They recognize a single deity, and view other Gods and Goddesses as manifestations or aspects of that supreme God.Henotheistic and polytheistic religions have traditionally been among the worlds most religiously tolerant faiths. However, until recently, a Hindu nationalistic political party controlled the government of India. The linkage of religion, the national government, and nationalism led to a degeneration of the separation of church and state in India. This, in turn, has decreased the level of religious tolerance in that country. The escalation of anti-Christian violence was one manifestation of this linkage. With the recent change in government, the level of violence will diminish. Life of Pi free essay sample Until the Mathematics lesson, Pin resorted to stunt. He memorized up to hundreds of digits of the mathematic constant Pi and wrote them all on three blackboards. This shocked all the schoolmates and even teachers. Since then no one bullied Pi anymore. From this, we can see that Pi is a courageous, intelligent and tough boy. He was brave enough to stand in front of everyone and to introduce his new name once. He was also a very smart and clever boy as he could memorize approximately hundreds of digits of Pi. Although his schoolmates bullied him, he didn’t give up and pull himself together. He was a resolute person and his character helped him face adversity later in his life. I learnt to be a sturdy and brave person. When we face difficulties or adversity, we should not give up easily and feel discouraged. We must view things from different perspectives and try to use different methods to solve the problems. We will write a custom essay sample on Life of Pi or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Besides, positive thinking is very important too and we must not escape from the reality.

Cultural Tourism in Bangkok, Thailand Essay Example

Cultural Tourism in Bangkok, Thailand Essay Example Cultural Tourism in Bangkok, Thailand Paper Cultural Tourism in Bangkok, Thailand Paper Bangkok is one of the worlds major tourist destinations. Writers such as Warren (1999) reveal that Bangkok is also known as the City of Angels. Over a long period of time the attractions of this contemporary capital city of the Kingdom of Thailand have encouraged travellers to come to visit. People have been attracted to come to the Kingdom by the exotic beauty. In early times only businessmen and traders came to Bangkok. In recent times, however, it has become a mass tourism destination. A wide variety of natural and cultural attractions that suit the motivations of visitors from many countries entice people to this capital city. The tourist industry has responded to the international travel market by providing an extensive range of facilities to satisfy travellers demands. Tourism has given the Thais a reason for preserving their culture and protecting their heritage. However, since the arrival of U.S. marines, Thailand has been burden by the sex symbol which tainted the cultural rich image of the Kingdom. This essay aims to provide an analysis of Bangkok as a cultural tourism destination and to explore the efforts which the local government endeavour to change the negative image of sex tourism to cultural tourism. It identifies attractions that pull people to Bangkok and considers the motives that urge people to respond to the pull of its attractions. It also notes the ways in which the major divisions of the tourist industry supply the needs of tourists. Cultural Tourism Brokensha and Guldberg (1992 p.3) provide many descriptions of cultural tourism. The description most relevant to cultural tourism in Bangkok is mixing with and meeting local people, and learning about lifestyles and cultures. The aims of the cultural tourist can be achieved through attending cultural events, experiencing and appreciating built heritage and the natural environment, and gaining education and pleasure from these experiences. The city of Bangkok, through its natural and cultural attractions, provides many opportunities for these kinds of experiences and activities. History of Bangkok, Thailand The Thai, descendants of ancient Pamir plateau stock, are racially related to the Chinese and were one of the major peoples that migrated from southern China to mainland Southeast Asia. After entering the valley of the Chao Phraya River, they defeated and dispersed the Khmer settlers, ancestors of the Cambodians, and established the Kingdom of Thailand. People lived and traded near the Chao Phraya River. The trading and the population later expanded to other inland regions. Bangkok was established in 1782 as central city for trading. The famous story based on the diary of Anna Leonowens in Anna and the King of Siam by Margaret Landons. However, tourism actually began in the 1960, where U.S troops used Thailand as a base to attack Vietnam. It is likely that the soldiers told their friends about the exotic beauty of the Kingdom when they return home. Bangkok Natural Environment Bangkok is the contemporary capital city of the Kingdom of Thailand. It is located on the Gulf of Thailand coast. Bangkok has many rivers that connect the city to the sea. One of the worlds renowned rivers is the Chao Phraya River where Thailand first began. Much of Bangkoks history happened along both sides of the Chao Phraya River. Throughout history, the Thais depended on this river for their daily needs, such as cooking, laundry, swimming, fishing and as a source of drinking water. In addition, since the beginning of the Kingdom, people lived and traded along this river. This culture of trading and living by the Chao Phraya River carries on till today. The tropical climate in this region attracts tourist from Europe where the winter is extremely cold. Chon, Singh and Mikula (1993) reveal tourists generally visit Bangkok for urban life and then travel to the neighbouring suburban areas to experience the natural environment of the beach such as in Pattaya or Khor Chang. Some activities enjoyed by tourists are scuba diving, jet skiing, sun-bathing and parachuting. For tourists who want to be amid the peaceful atmosphere and observe the traditional ways of life by the water, Bangkok has much to offer. There are services which have been established to cater to tourists needs. This is in line with Smiths (1988 pp.179-190) supply-side concept. There are hotels, taxi boats, floating market, restaurants and other transportation services targeted at enabling tourist to experience the culture of the Thai. Tourists can experience the way of life that has be carried on for many generations. Tourists from other parts of the world, which are wealthier and economically advanced, can experience novelty and change as Cohen (1974 pp.527-555) suggests. Major features of Thai Society The origins of the Thai people are in the Southern part of China. The people were strongly influence by Buddhism, the central of the Thai culture, which was brought to the region by Buddhist missionaries from India. The Thais manifest their faith by building and skilfully crafting the elaborated works of arts of the temples. There are many temples in Thailand; however the glorious and magnificent ones are situated in Bangkok. Most men and women were peasants and depend their livelihood on farming rice, vegetables and fruits at minimal wages. Peieggi (1996) reveals that since the U.S troops came to Thailand, the people realised the demand for hedonistic pleasure among these soldiers. Young girls and boys were sold for money as a source of family income. After the Vietnam War, due to the influx of tourists visiting Bangkok, there have been new job opportunities opened for the Thais. The Thais perform cultural dance, sword fighting and Muai Thai (Thai boxing) for the tourists viewing pleasure. Throughout history, there have been several images of Thai society. These include images of leisure and eroticism. Gibbon and Fish (1998) compliment Thailand for its richness in culture and its hospitable people. On the contrary, Peieggi (1996) suggests that there have been high ratio of males visiting Thailand, primarily for its hedonistic appeal. Ashworth and Brian (1989) explain that such image is a challenge and the country is endeavouring to change; however, the most important image for the tourists is that Thailand is a cultural centre where everyone is kind and hospitable. The history of Tourism in Bangkok Thailand Although visitors came to Thailand many centuries ago, it was not really until the late 1960s and early 1970s that the Kingdom began its career as a major tourist destination. In the 1960s, the large US troop presence in Southeast Asia produced a surge in Thailands tourism. Since then, the boom has continued, although the large number of hotels has led to heavy competition and fairly low occupancy rates. In the 1960s, Thailand became a favoured place for the nomads from affluence (Cohen, 1973), young drifter tourists who were escaping the evils of the developed world in order to find culture and wisdom in the East. These people preferred to stay in motels or cheaper hotels to avoid the more luxurious facilities provided for the tourists. These nomadic hippies were attracted by advertisement in magazines and friends who had been to Thailand. In late 1990s, Thailand was promoted as Amazing Thailand as a paradise inhabited by a serene, harmonious people. The Hollywood movie entitled The Beach with leading actor Leonardo DeCaprio, illustrated the exotic island life. This was the period of mass tourism. Peieggi (1996) explains that Thailand emerged a popular destination due to its peaceful religion and its exotic culture. In 2001Bangkok has been named as the number one tourist city in the world by readers of the American magazine Travel and Leisure, the citys Peninsula Hotel also coming in first in their readers survey of the top hotels. It was particularly popular with Europeans and Americans. As Elliot (1983) explains the success of tourism was partly due to its natural environment, friendly people, exotic culture and a central position of the air route of the region. The Government began to focus its resources on tourism in 1982 when studies showed that tourism was the nations top foreign currency earner. In addition, during the APEC meeting in 2004, due to the fear of terrorism and the importance of the tourist industry, the government heightened the security during this period of time. The fear was greater when the President of the United States of America, George W Bush, was attending the meeting. The Impact of Tourism of the Thais Tourism has had a variety of impacts, both negative and positive, on Thai society. Hewison (1987 p9) laments that due to tourism, many of the attractions in Thailand can be manufactured for the purpose of gaining more visitors. As Peieggi (1996) suggests because of the hedonistic appeal that Bangkok offers to male tourists, Thailand has been ranked statistically the highest scoring nation for the spread of AIDS. (Leheny 1995; Ritcher 1989) explain that tourism played a major role in the expansion of sex tourism, and has transformed the nations rich culture into an embarrassing burden. (Leheny 1995; Ritcher 1989) argues that tourism has ensured the preservation of the Thai culture and has made the Thais more aware of their own culture than they might otherwise have been. Elliot (1983) points out that the money the Thais have earned through displaying their culture to the tourists has help sustain them financially. Cohen (1995 pp 225-233) explains that commodities crafted by villagers attract tourists attending due to the craftsmanship, beauty and exoticism. The villagers can sell these items to tourist for income. On the other hand, the villages much desire commodities which tourists use, such as denim jacket, T-shirt and jeans. There have been concerns reported by local media that the Thais risk loosing its unique culture by pursuing similarities with the western culture. Kontogeorgopoulos (1998) advocates that tourism increases employment opportunities for the locals. The author further explains that due to tourism, there will be construction of hotels and other facilities to service the tourists. Locals will be employed and trained in various areas. For instance, the locals can learn to speak the English language to enhance the ability to communicate with foreigners and increase their employability. Pull Factors The exotic culture of Thailand has attracted tourists from many parts of the world to experience the way of life of the Thai society. As mentioned earlier, the Thais used to live and trade along the river. Tourists can experience this way of life Ratchaburi province which is about 80 km southwest of Bangkok. There, the tourists will discover a popular floating market. There will be small boats laden with colourful fruits and vegetables which are paddled by local women wearing bamboo hats. These images are often advertised for cultural tourism of Thailand, in travel magazines and brochures. Inquisitive tourists can embark on a tour onboard these boats. Another tourist attraction relating to cultural tourism is the Songkran festival. It is an ancient festival, which is celebrated by the Thais annually and is influenced by the ancient Hindu astrological calendar. It is a common feature of the agricultural cultures of Thailand. In the old days, scented water was used mainly for blessings and paying respect to the elders. Tourists visiting Bangkok or in any parts of Thailand can join in the celebration and enjoy getting wet throughout the day. Likely Motivational Factors As tourists do not normally state their motives and wants in choosing a destination, it is difficult to know with certainty the motivation factors a tourist has in mind. Dann (1981 pp 209-211) explains that the difficulties lie partly in the inability or unwillingness of the tourists to articulate their motivations. However, tourists behaviours hint their likely motivation. Many tourists choose to visit Bangkok in order to escape from their routine to experience change and novelty as Cohen (1974 pp 527-555) or for the purpose of leisure. Tourists choose Bangkok as a destination to revitalise themselves for a period of time before feeling ready to go back to work. Tourist experience the exotic culture of the Thai society. The tourists can maximise the time they have in Bangkok, where there are many cultural activities orchestrated for tourists. Tourists can enjoy watching the Thai dance or the making of Thai handicrafts in parks and other recreation areas. Temporally, the tourists forget about the stress and pressure of work back home. The laidback or slow lifestyle of the Thai agricultural culture enables tourist to ease tension and feel more relaxing physically, emotionally and mentally. Hospitality in Thailand Esichaikul (1998 pp. 359-369) explains that tourism offers a lucrative source of income for Thailand. The author further suggests that the provision of accommodation, food and drink are important to the countrys economy. Hospitality in Thailand ranges from luxurious facilities to very affordable home-stay. Outside of Bangkok, tourists can stay in stilt hotels on the dam, resorts and hotels by the beach or huts in the forest. Tourists can relax and enjoy the tranquillity that nature offers in this tropical climate. The Thai cuisine is unique and it reflects the exotic culture of the local society. The cuisine includes affordable seafood which the Japanese particularly enjoy. During the APEC meeting, the Prime Minister of Japan, Junichiro Koizumi, indulged himself every night in various kinds of seafood. Other cuisine includes pineapple rice, papaya salad, Tom Yam soup and the Tok Tok noodles sold in the floating market. Thai cuisine is spicy and sweet in general; some adventurous tourists may be challenged to try the food, some tourists may resort to western food like McDonalds and Subway sandwiches. Nonetheless, Thai food is low in cholesterol and healthy as many dishes often incorporate fruits in the preparation stage. Transportation Due to the geographical location, tourists can travel to Bangkok by many means. The International air-port has facilities to accommodate various sizes of planes. Backpackers having visited the neighbouring Malaysia, Cambodia of Singapore can also choose to travel economically by trains and busses. Due to traffic congestion in Bangkok, other interesting modes of transport have emerged to allow people to travel efficiently. Along the Chao Phraya River, tourists can travel by express boats cross to other regions. In addition, tourists may wish to travel at a slower pace, by long-tail boats, in order to enjoy the riverside scenery. On land, tourists can travel on the elephants back, which in the past was only suited for the Kings. Travelling on elephants backs can be interesting; tourists will sway from side to side slowly high above ground level. Tourists often find this mode of transport amusing and exciting. Apart from taxis and busses, tourists can also choose to travel on a three-wheeled Tuk Tuk to zigzag between vehicles without being hampered by the traffic jam. Conclusion In conclusion, cultural tourism in Thailand provides many exotic experiences for tourists. The government of Thailand has been investing resources in advertising campaigns to change the erotic image of by emphasizing the cultural richness of the Kingdom. It is apparent that such change remains the greatest challenge to the country. Though tourism has impacted Thailand negatively; it has provided employment and other financial benefits to the Thais and the nation in many related industry.

Political Climate in the 1950s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Political Climate in the 1950s - Essay Example The political scenario suffered in the shape of the communist opposition party dwindling into insignificance. With their downfall, America lost the institutional network that had created a public space where alternatives to the current workings of the government could be presented and be challenged. By late 1950s, thousands of men and women had lost their jobs, hundreds had been deported or sent to prison, and two had been executed. Most, but not all, of these people had once been in or near the American Communist Party. [6] [7] Also the social policy reforms including national insurance policy supported by the leftist also fell apart. McCarthyism further contributed to the attenuation of the reform impulse by diverting the attention of the labor movement, the strongest institution within the left-liberal coalition, from external organizing to internal politicking. [5] [6] America's cultural and intellectual life in the 1950s also suffered from McCarthyism. TV and radio offered a bland menu of quiz shows and Westerns during late 1950s so that no relation could be made to communism and its views. Similarly the film industry cautiously restrained itself from indulging into controversial social or political issues. On the international political front, an opposition to the Cold War had been so thoroughly identified with communism that it was no longer possible to challenge the basic assumptions of American foreign policy without incurring suspicions of disloyalty. [5] [6] What Is Meant By The Term Politics Of Consensus Politics of consensus means common frameworks and policies agreed between all political parties that are adopted by the government. During the years 1945 to 1979, this practice was observed by the government of Britain. The Conservative Party and Labour Party, which were the two major political parties in Britain at that time, were in consensus over certain basic government policies. All the political scientists and media commentators agreed with the policies introduced in the decades after World War II. Changes in the government responsibility such as the welfare state, the National Health Service (NHS), and widespread nationalization of industry, were some of the policies that were agreed unconditionally by both parties. [2] During the late 1970s, the political consensus eventually started to break up. The Conservative Party and the Labour Party were getting at odds over each other. With the sudden rise in oil price in early 1970s, drew a new economic experience of 'stagflation', where high inflation was combined with high unemployment. The Conservative Party challenged the political consensus of the use Keynesian economics by the government. The increasing differences of economic opinion between the two parties finally ended the consensus that was agreed in previous decades. [2] Why Did The Civil Rights Movement Begin In The 1950s After the end of World War II, the blacks (Negro) became increasingly active socially. Discrimination in the military services and in the work force challenged them from getting any important positions. In the South, Blacks had been put to near slavery conditions with the Black Codes and the Jim Crow Laws. As a result many left southern farms for northern cities in search for better jobs. When they found crowded and discriminatory conditions

Pizza Hut in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Pizza Hut in the UK - Essay Example 2002 Tricon Global becomes YUM! Brands Inc. The Quad Pizza is launched in the UK. Pizza Hut opens its 500th restaurant. A & W and Long John Silver’s join the Yum brand. 2001 Pizza Hut begins a franchising programme with its delivery stores 2000 Pizza Hut introduces The Edge, a thin pizza with toppings all the way round the edge 1999 Pizza Hut has over 400 restaurants, employing 14000 people. The Italian Pizza is launched in the UK 1998 Pan Pizza is relaunched as Grand Pan in the UK 1997 PepsiCo decided to focus on their (sic) drinks business. As a result, Tricon Global Restaurants is born, creating the largest restaurant brand in the World. Tricon became the partner company with Whitbread. The Sicilian Pizza is launched in the UK. There are 277 restaurants and 100 delivery stores in the UK 1995 Stuffed Crust is launched in the UK 1994 10,000 Pizza Huts are open world-wide 1993 There are 300 restaurants and delivery stores in the UK 1992 There are 9000 restaurants in 84 countri es 1990 Pizza Hut reaches Russia. In the UK there are now 200 restaurants 1989 The first restaurant is converted into a Restaurant Based Delivery store 1988 The UK’s first delivery unit opens in Kingsbury, London 1987 An average of one restaurant opened each week in the UK 1986 100 restaurants in the UK and 5000 world wide 1984 50 restaurants so far in the UK 1982 UK joint venture commences between PepsiCo and Whitbread 1980 Pan Pizza Introduced 1977 PepsiCo buys Pizza Hut 1973 Pizza Hut goes international with restaurants in Japan, Canada & England. The first UK Pizza Hut opens in Islington, London 1972 1000 restaurants are open throughout the USA 1958 Frank and Dan Carney open the first Pizza Hut in Wichita, Kansas.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (www.pizzahut.co.uk). As part of a consortium, Yum! Brands,... From this essay it is clear that  Pizza Hut began in 1958 when brothers, Frank and Dan Carney, established the first store in Wichita, Kansas. With room for only 25 seats, the first Pizza Hut restaurant was very small. For the origin of the name, Frank and Dan had a restaurant sign which only had space for nine letters, so they put ‘Pizza’ in the name, with the remaining space for 3 more letters. In addition, because the building resembled a hut, the name Pizza Hut was tagged. The first store in the United Kingdom opened fifteen years later. Now, the company has flourished to the extent that it is the largest pizza company in the world. As the dominant pizza and delivery chain in the UK, it has 697 outlets in the nation. It is part of Yum Restaurants International.As the paper highlights  brands, Inc., Pizza Hut constitutes one of the most successful restaurant franchises in the world with its famous pizza, pasta and wing dishes. It is an international company with o ver 6,000 restaurants in the United States and in excess in 5,600 restaurants in 94 other nations and regions across the globe. Yum!, its parent company, constitutes the biggest restaurant company in the world in regards to its over 37,000 locations in   120 countries and regions and its over one million associates.  The topic is investigated in the following steps: planning, organizing, and scheduling the project. In regards to the planning, several hours every day was spent researching and writing the project.

Market and Social Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Market and Social Research - Essay Example The word frequently means daily in a week. Alcohol is the drug that many youths prefer; this is because of many young people like experimenting that leads to experiencing many consequences of too much drinking. As a result, underage drinking is currently rated the first public health problem in the country(Norman 2011, pg. 504). According to the latest survey of 2005 of monitoring the future, showed that youths as young as eight years were getting involved in drinking of alcohol. Moreover, when they drink they use to drink intensively, often consuming five to six drinks at one time. The research result showed that average age of engaging in the use of alcohol was 14 as compared to 17 years in1960 and serious drinking that was associated with middle age begun to appear during the young adulthood and occasional adolescence. In United Kingdom, many researchers have been done to answer the question why young adults get involved in binge drinking. One of the explanations was that; as adolescence move to young adulthood they occasionally encounter a full dramatic change in their lives. These changes include physical, lifestyle, independence and emotional changes. Such developmental transitions have associated them with drug use mostly alcohol abuse. Therefore just being a young adult is a risk factor for drinking dangerously(Courtney & Polich 2009, pg. 146). With the continuous rise of alcohol abuse among the young adults and teenagers, there is a need that should be taken to prevent the vice from escalating further. It means that the study must be performed to determine the knowledge and awareness of the population at risk of alcohol abuse, and the methods that can be used to prevent the vice. Some methods that can be used include; introducing stringent rules in pubs regarding drinking alcohol, collaborating with landlords to evict those young adults who are the worst drinkers, and changing the outlet to

Internal Point Of View Role Harts Theory Philosophy Essay

Internal Point Of View Role Harts Theory Philosophy Essay Jurisprudential debate concerning the nature of law is often thought of as a long-running battle between two schools of thought the rival camps of natural law and legal positivism. The natural law tradition has always emphasised laws grounded ness in justice and the common good, while legal positivism had tended to emphasise laws basis in authority. Legal positivism emerged from the work of Jeremy Bentham and his disciple John Austin. John Austin famously claimed that the idea of sanctions is the key to the science of jurisprudence.  [1]  Thus, he held legal rules to be threats backed by sanctions and statements of legal obligations as predictions that the threatened sanctions will be carried out. Furthermore Hans Kelsen sought to explain legal rules and obligations in terms of norms, he understood these norms to be directives to courts requiring that sanctions be applied. Splitting the difference between Austin and Kelsen, Alf Ross conceived of legal rules as norms addressed to courts directing the use of sanctions and statements of legal validity as predictions that these norms will be followed. However, one of the two greatest twentieth-century (the other one is Hans Kelsen) exponents of the legal positivism was, without question, Hart. In his principal book The Concept of Law  [2]  , Hart describes the central thesis of legal positivism as the simple contention that it is in no sense a necessary truth that laws reproduce or satisfy certain demands of morality, though in fact they have often done so.  [3]  Therefore the central claim of legal positivism is that law is separate and distinct from morality. However, Hart showed that sanction-centred accounts of every stripe ignored an essential feature of law. This feature he termed the internal point of view. Though the internal point of view is perhaps Harts greatest contribution to jurisprudential theory, this concept is also often and easily misunderstood. Seen from the internal point of view, the law is not simply sanction-threatening, directing, or -predicting, but rather obligation-imposing. Therefore, what, exactly, is the internal point of view? What role (or roles) does it play in Harts theory? Briefly the internal point of view is the practical attitude of rule-acceptance it does not imply that people who accept the rules accept their moral legitimacy, only that they are disposed to guide and evaluate conduct in accordance with the rules. The internal point of view plays four roles in Harts theory: (1) it specifies a particular type of motivation that someone may take towards to the law; (2) it constitutes one of the main existence conditions for social and legal rules; (3) it accounts for the intelligibility of legal practice and discourse; (4) it provides a naturalistically acceptable semantics for legal statements. At one point, Hart observes that the element of authority involved in law has always been one of the obstacles in the path of an easy explanation of what law is  [4]   Hart argues that the command theorists emphasised force as the main component of all law and have looked only on one side of the coin the external element of law which compels people to act out of fear. This may be the bad mans view of the law and Hart argues that it does not present a balanced picture. A positivist theory of law must offer an account of the nature of law-making authority. At the same time, positivists claim that the validity of a law does not entail an obligation to obey it. This means that the theory is quite independent of any theory about the basis of a moral obligation to obey the law. Bentham and Austin approached these problems by treating statements about sovereignty, rights and obligations as straight forward statements of observable social facts. Therefore in focusing only on the commands of a sovereign and the actions of officials in imposing sanctions, the command theorists have ignored the internal element which characterises all law. This is known as t he internal point of view which make people feel a sense of obligation to obey the law. There is a distinction between the two aspects of law, to be obliged that is to be forced to act in a certain way because of some threat, such as when an armed man orders a person to hand over money, and to be under an obligation that is to feel within oneself a sense of duty to act in a certain way without some external stimulus compelling such action. Hart also argues that the command theories explain law only in terms of the first notion, and that to this extent they are inadequate, because the law operates both in an external and an internal fashion to induce compliance. According to Stephen Perry, for example, [t]he general idea of the internal point of view is that an adequate jurisprudential account must at some point take into consideration how the practice looks to at least some of the practices participants, from the inside.  [5]  Likewise, Gerry Postema writes: The law, like other similar social practices, is constituted not only by intricate patterns of behavioural interactions, but also by the beliefs, activities, judgments and understandings of participants. The practice has an inside, the internal point of view of participants.  [6]   On this reading, Harts doctrine of the internal point of view is a methodological prescription which demands that legal theories resonate with the shared experiences of legal natives. Jurisprudence must take the point of view of the insider, and come in contrast with those theories that ignore the beliefs and attitudes of those who live under the law. Hart used the internal point of view to discredit sanction-centred theories of law, such as those proposed by Oliver Wendell Holmes and Hans Kelsen. Hart argued that these theories are myopic for they ignore or mask the range of attitudes that people typically have towards the law. The problem with bad man theories such as Holmes is that they assume that people are motivated to follow the law solely in order to avoid sanctions, rather than for the reason that rules require such behaviour. These theories, Hart says, define [the internal point] of view out of existence. The problem with Kelsens theory, he claims, is that it focuses exclusively on one technique that the law uses to motivate conduct to the exclusion of all others. The law not only directs officials to punish those who dont comply with the rules, but provides guidance for those who want to live up to their obligations. Holmes bad man is an insider himself, namely, one whose curiosity about the law is aroused solely by his aversion to sanctions. The problem with Holmes theory, rather, is that he privileges one type of insiders point of view over another. By focusing solely on the perspective of the bad man, sanction-centred theories define the other point of view, namely, the internal point of view, out of existence. What, then, is the internal point of view? As Hart used the term, the internal point of view refers to the practical attitude of rule-acceptance. Someone takes this attitude towards a social rule when they accept or endorse a convergent pattern of behaviour as a standard of conduct. Whereas the phrase the internal point of view is univocal it refers to a specific practical attitude. With respect to the practical point of view, there are two attitudes the insider can take towards the rules: acceptance and non-acceptance. Anyone who accepts the rules has, according to Hart, taken the internal point of view. Anyone who does not accept the rules, either because they are like the bad man and take the practical, but non-accepting, point of view, or because they are merely observing and hence dont take a practical stance at all, has taken the external point of view. Harts internal point of view, therefore, is the practical attitude of rule-acceptance. But what exactly does it mean to accept a social rule? Hart says that to accept a social rule is to regard a pattern of behaviour as a general standard to be followed by the group as a whole. It is to treat existence of the rule as a reason and justification for action, as the basis for claims, demands, admissions, criticisms or punishment, as establishing the legitimacy of these demands and criticisms. Hart is quite clear that one does not have to believe in the moral legitimacy of the law in order to accept its authority. Given that the internal point of view is not the moral point of view, what does Hart mean when he characterizes it as acceptance of a rule as a standard of conduct? When one takes the internal point of view towards a rule, one acts according to the dictates of the rule. Of course, there must be something more to the internal point of view, given that the bad man also conforms to the rules. The second way in which the internal point of view is expressed is through critical evaluation. Thus, participants who accept the rules criticize others, and perhaps even themselves, for failing to conform to the rules. Finally, the internal point of view is usually expressed by statements that use normative terminology such as ought, must, right, and wrong.22 Thus, if someone accepts the rule that men must bear their heads upon entering a church, this practical attitude might be expressed by statements of the form: You ought to take off your hat in Church or It was wrong of me not to take off my hat last Sunday. Hart calls these statements internal statements, because they normally express the internal. point of view.23 Hart contrasts these practical statements with theoretical statements that others accept a particular rule. For example, someone might say, Episcopalians accept a rule requiring men to take off their hats in Church. Hart calls these external statements because they usually express the external point of view.24 They are statements that a particular group accepts certain rules normally made by t hose who do not accept those rules themselves. Harts internal point of view must be understood as a commitment to act in all of the above ways. That is, one takes the internal point of view towards a rule when one intends to conform to the rule, criticizes others for failing to conform, does not to criticize others for criticizing and expresses ones criticism using evaluative language. At first impression Hart conception of law, as a symbiotic relationship between primary and secondary rules, and more importantly the internal aspect seems valid. Hart concept of the internal aspect distinguishes between social rules and social habits. A crucial distinguishing feature from a social habit and a social rule is that habit lack criticism from others in a group when the convergent behaviour is deviated from. Deviation from the convergent behaviour makes criticism and the rule legitimate, and often is manifested through normative language such as you ought to or you should do, a certain type of behaviour. The internal aspect and therefore rules is an important constituent for Hart conception of law, because essentially law is the union of primary and secondary rules. A primary rule imposes duties and prescribes how one must act by way of recognizing a general standard mode of behaviour. The secondary rules consist of the three important characteristics, which can be charac terized as sub rules, which give the concept of rules as law and obligations, but more importantly, law as a system of rules. First is the rule of recognition, which helps to determine whether a rule is indeed a rule, this is determined by the influx of criticism for deviation of the rule and the existence of social pressures to conform. The second, denoted as the rule of change, which allows for the creation of new primary rules or the change and modifications of old rules for the group to live by, these rules are also subject to procedural standards. The final characteristic is the rule of adjudication that determines whether or not a primary rule has been violated and prescribes the procedure the courts must follow to apply sanctions. Indeed the mosaic of the internal aspect, a primary and secondary rule as law is very attractive, for Hart is able to explain where Austin has failed. Primary rules are laws, because they are general and span over the territory in which the sovereign has authority, and secondary rules are a means to enforce and amend the laws. However Hart analysis

Billy Budd Essay: Close, but no Christ Figure -- Billy Budd Essays

Billy Budd – Close, but no Christ Figure      Ã‚   Billy Budd, the foretopman in Billy Budd, Sailor, seems similar to Jesus Christ because of his relative appearance of purity, simplicity, and innocence. He posses human virtues which cannot be explained but* by any other method except comparison to Christ. Yet, while Budd may seem like a "Christ figure" at first glance, he is a far cry from the Christ of the Holy Bible.    Budd is human, and his short comings-his natural flaws and apathy towards others and his work-make it impossible for him to be a Christ figure-one who is blameless from birth until death, has the purpose of humanity's redemption continually in mind, and is totally self-sacrificing despite possession of tremendous power. Because he is human, Budd lives a very human life, and his actions throughout his life and ultimate death, while uncharacteristically heroic, are always limited to those of humanity. Christ, possessing unfathomable power lives a godly life and lays that life down to save humanity in fulfillment of prophecy. Further, the method and meaning of Budd's death is entirely different-in fact, not even related to those of Christ's death, burial, and resurrection.    "In this particular Billy was a striking instance that the arch interferer, the envious marplot of Eden, still has more or less to do with every human consignment to this plant of Earth" (1879). Budd, though created in the image of God, suffers imperfection and sin like every human being on Earth. His most visible imperfection, that which makes the most striking presentation, is his tendency to stutter under emotionally pressured situations. However, while his most visible flaw, it is not his only flaw as a human being. Billy B... ...f Grace and Redemption. This mission of Christ's determines the life He leads and the death He suffers, as well as the reason for His resurrection. Budd, having no reason to be where he is, leads a simple and apathetic life. His death, therefore, is of little or no consequence to those in the greater world. While Budd's simplicity and human virtue make him seem Christ-like on the surface, he lacks that connection to God that determines the very soul of a man. William Budd, foretopman, is not a "Christ figure" because he is not, and could never be, the Lamb of God.    Works Cited Melville, Herman. Billy Budd, Sailor. The American Tradition in Literature. Ed. George Perkins, et al. New York: McGraw Hill Publishing Company, 1990. 1872-1924. The Holy Bible. Ed. David R. Veerman, et al. New King James Version. Ilinois: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 1994.

How can Wal-Mart Keep Low Prices

When Sam Walton opened his first store, the Five and Dime, he had no idea that he would become a success. He started his first store with one vision – to keep prices as low as possible. He knew that by keeping the prices low, his profit would not be as large as his competitor’s but he also knew that he could compensate this by the volume of sales. Soon he was opening new stores in other states and its sales reached millions of dollars. At present, Wal-mart is the biggest corporation surpassing its competitors (Jim Hightower) It has over more than a hundred retail stores all over the world making the Waltons some of the richest people in the world. S. Robson Walton is ranked by London’s â€Å"Rich List 2001† as the wealthiest human on the planet having more than $65 billion surpassing Bill Gates. (Jim Hightower) Its present status was however not attained overnight. There were several strategies adopted by Wal-Mart which made it the world’s largest retailer. The first is the use of technology. Wal-Mart was the first to use the Universal Bar Code system. As the largest retailer, Wal-Mart was able to force manufacturers of products to adopt a common labeling called the bar code. The bar code contains details about the product which tells the retailers information such as how many of the said products have been sold and how many are still remaining. This system helped improve the way inventories are done in stores. With the bar code system, retail store owners no loner need to hire employees to conduct the inventory and the inventory system is now more accurate. Another business strategy adopted by Wal-Mart to keep prices low is its adoption of the corporate culture of frugality. The Waltons were very careful about spending their money and they lived a very simple lifestyle. They also demanded frugality from their employees. Frugality is so imbedded in its culture that even the company’s headquarters is located in Arkansas which is very old and looks dull. The executives of the company do not ride in fancy limousines and nor do they reside in expensive hotels. Instead, the executives shared budget-hotel rooms with their colleagues. (Caroline Wilbert) The corporate culture of frugality was manifested in the way the wages of their employees are being paid. It is said that the company pays an average wage of $9. 68 an hour which is definitely not enough for the employees to maintain a decent standard of living. (Gregory Heires) There have been complaints that the said company even compels its employees and managers to work overtime without paying them additional compensation for overtime work. The employees do not have adequate health care insurance and other benefits. Health care insurances are essential especially for employees who are earning barely enough for their daily living. Even if these employees get sick they will get some help from health care providers for their medicine and hospitalization expenses. Research, however, shows that â€Å"Wal-Mart's health insurance covers 44% or approximately 572,000 of its 1. 3 million U. S. workers. [In comparison, Wal-Mart rival Brown & Cole Stores insures approximately 96% of its 2,000 eligible workers. Further, Wal-Mart spends an average of $3,500 per employee for health care, 27% less than the retail-industry average of $4,800. †(â€Å"Wal-Mart†) Wal-Mart adopted an aggressive policy against labor unions. The role of unions in workplaces is very important. They ensure that the employees are given the wages and benefits which the law gives them. It is said that in North America, Wal-Mart has thwarted efforts to create union through aggressive anti-union tactics such as managerial surveillance and pre-emptive closures of stores or departments who choose to unionize. (â€Å"Wal-Mart†) Initially, Wal-Mart advertised the â€Å"Buy American† campaign. However, in order to maintain its low prices, Wal-Mart had to look for other suppliers which offered products for a lesser price than the suppliers in the United States. Eventually Wal-Mart began looking at other countries for the cheapest source of production. In 1995, Wal-Mart said that 6 percent of its total merchandise was imported. A decade later, experts estimated that Wal-Mart imported about 60 percent of its merchandise. (Caroline Wilbert) Today, Wal-Mart is considered the largest importer of Chinese-made products in the world, buying $10 billion worth of merchandise from several thousand Chinese factories. (Jim Hightower) There is, however, a price for the success of this management policy of Wal-Mart. For the company to maintain low prices for its buyers and customers, it has to reduce its expenses in the barest minimum – including wages, benefits, working conditions, supplies and products. As a result, Wal-Mart has been criticized worldwide for its business policies by other business organization, religious organization. Among the issues raised against it are: a) low wages it pays to its employees, cases of union busting, lack of health care and employee benefits, use of foreign labor, discrimination against women, It bears stressing that the current management policy of Wal-Mart is devastating for the millions of its employees worldwide. Though it may have generated employment, it has also created unemployment insofar as the employees of their competitors are concerned. For its existing employees, their working condition is far from being ideal. The purpose of this research project is to prove that it is possible for Wal-Mart to improve the wages and benefits it gives to its employees and at the same time maintain the prices of their products low. The philosophy is clear and definite – Wal-Mart can maintain the low prices of its products without hurting its employees. The persons who will be interested in this research project are not only the employees who will be benefited by the increase in their wages and benefits but also the consumers who desire to ensure that the prices of products in Wal-Mart remain the same. II. I believe that it is possible for Wal-Mart to improve the wages and benefits it gives to its thousands of employees and at the same time maintain the prices of their products low. As proof, I aim to use studies made by economists and researchers. One potential secondary source that will prove the said point is the studies conducted by the Economic Policy Institute which is cited in the article of Emily Kaiser entitled â€Å"US: Wal-Mart Could Hike Pay and Keep Prices Low: Study. † Researchers have also concluded that if only Wal-Mart would reduce its profit margin to about 2. 9%, where it stood in 1997, from the 3. 6% margin it recorded last year that would free up about $2. 3 billion to pay workers without raising prices. † (Emily Kaiser) The primary research tool that could be used for this research is the examination into the Income Statement of the Wal-Mart Inc. These are public documents which could be looked into by any citizen. By examining the company’s Income Statement, we will be able to find out just how much money the company is earning in a year. If a small portion of these earnings will only be equitably distributed, then the employees will experience an improvement in their living condition. Another primary research tool are Internet sources which shows the extent of the complaints, criticisms and suits against Wal-Mart. By looking into the information from these sources, one can conclude that the wealth and success of Wal-Mart was made at the expense of its employees.

Bourdieu, Gramsci and Radical Mobilization essays

Bourdieu, Gramsci and Radical Mobilization essays Throughout contemporary times there have been various student movements advocating social reform in many countries throughout the world, but perhaps one of the most well-known and influential student movements is the Students for a Democratic Society. The SDS movement was most active during the 1960s and inspired by the Civil Rights Movement. It advocated for many social issues such as equality, economic justice, participatory democracy and peace. Using the theories from Pierre Bourdieus books, Logic of Practice and Distinction and Antonio Gramscis, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, we will be able to better understand the mechanisms behind the radical mobilization of the 1960s and give an explanation as to why they happened. Bourdieu would analyze that the mechanisms that allowed for the SDS movement and other radical mobilization of the 1960s could be explained through his terms, habitus, reproduction, misrecognition and the accumulation and maintenance of capital. Antonio Gram sci [on the other hand] would argue that the mobilization of the 1960s could be demonstrated through his concepts of hegemony, civil society, and common sense, war of position and war of movement. In Logic of Practice, Pierre Bourdieu introduces one of his major concepts; habitus. Bourdieu argues that the lifestyle practices, values, expectations and dispositions of individuals and particular social groups are acquired through their activities and experiences of everyday life that follow an objective structure, this is their habitus. Specifically Bourdieu defines habitus as the systems of durable, transposable dispositions, structured structures predisposed to function as structuring structures, that is, as principles which generate and organize practices and representations that can be objectively adapted to their outcomes without presupposing a conscious aiming at ends or an express mastery of the operation ...

buy custom Philip Dick essay

buy custom Philip Dick essay Introduction Philip Dick is a renowned author whose work has received a lot of appraisal from people of different walks. He is known for a number of speculations especially the presentation in The Man in the High Castle and the Valis. To Philip, in order to manipulate man and understand what he real wants, you must know the things that will affect him most, with this, the people shall always be at your mercies, The basic tool for the manipulation of reality is the manipulation of words. If you can control the meaning of words, you can control the people who must use the words (Dick 82). It is blatant clear that Philip was so much interested with the reality of things; he considered reality to be of much significance compared to a persons position or stand. With reality, things that are hidden and in the dark shall be brought to light. Understanding how important reality is and attaching this importance to people can act as a weapon, a weapon that may prove to be more destructive and fatal. Similarly, Philip is quoted saying that the most important matters in life should not be solved at night, Don't try to solve serious matters in the middle of the night. In trying to comprehend the works of Philip Dick, it is of essence to try to grapple his unique state of emotion and the unique interpretations that he has assigned to the same. Most of the works that he dealt with can be regarded to be as unique as they can be thought to be. It is not surprising that by the time Philip was dying in 1982, he could not tell of the origin of most of the works or what they meant. When Philip died, he left behind a eight thousand paged Exegesis that constituted a million worded document that consisted of a continued dialogue with himself that he held late at night. Philip is said not to have been able to solve the mystery behind the puzzle to the point of his satisfaction, it is believed that he enjoyed the pursuit for the answer much more than he would have enjoyed finding the solution to the mystery. How Philip K Dick Uses Landscape or Physical Details To Make Meaning Reality is that which, when you stop believing in it, doesn't go away. Mainstream science has described reality as the actual state of things as they exist in the real sense. This can be simply put to refer to all the things as they exist in their real state when they are observed. As it can be denoted, the human brain exists in two specific portions that are divided into right and left. This are further categorized as the right and the left brain. To Philip, the roles and agendas that are attached to these distinct brains are very specific and different. However, for the brain to function, it is a must for the two half human brains to communicate and act as one through the corpus callosum. According to Dick, the right side brain is entirely owed with the role of dealing with the present, the things that are taking place right now and here (Dick 177). It carries out its functions through the use of pictures and its learning is through the kinesthetic body movement. Energy is absorbed from our surroundings and translated into information for the sensory systems. There is no difference that exists between individual consciousness and the world around us. There is only one universal energy field that is seen by the right brain, this is the field of awareness. Philip. Dick believes that despite the fact that we can not be able to correlate effectively with the world, the things in our surroundings will not have to change. Our ability to know that they exist and they are material will remain even when the brain, our brains can not be bale to transmit this information to our sensory nerves. On the other hand, Philips definition of the left brain is so different from the rest. This side of the brain thinks methodically and linearly. There are countless details that are picked up by it especially regarding past events and through it; calculations are made thus being able to predict the future. The left hemisphere of the brain is believed to think in language form, through this, an internal voice is made possible. Importantly, the left hemisphere leads to the creation of awareness of our existence. This awareness makes us know that we are very distinct and different from what the right brain perceives. Philip Dick makes it possible for us to know and distinguish between what is false and real, he makes it possible to distinguish between what is part of us and what is not part of our bodies. Philip is said to have suffered several setbacks before coming up with the reality experience. For instance, he was suffering from stress as a result of his son and wife, he had problems with drugs, break in that is not explained among many more set backs. In addition his role in politics played another major part in influencing his life. Giving me a new idea is like handing a cretin a loaded gun, but I do thank you anyhow, bang, bang. Philip Dick suffered a number of depressions during his life time. Due to these thoughts, he almost turned suicidal more than once in his life (Dick 181). More significantly, Philip suffered a lot of severe pain when one of his wisdom teeth was removed. On a certain day, we are presented with Philip who is mesmerized by the fist that was dangling between the delivery girls breasts. When Philip asks what the fish is for, she tells him that it is a representation of the ICHTHYS; this is a Greek ter that refers to fish. The fish was used by ancient primitive Christian believes. In relation, the ICHTHYS is an acronym that refers to "Iesous CHristos, THeou Yios, Soter". This when translated to English stands for Jesus Christ, Son Of God and the Savior. As it is later unfolded, Philip and the girl were all Christians thought they were hiding from the Roman persecutors. The fish was used as a symbol of identification among the people who were Christians. The fish was considered as a harmless pendant to many peoples eyes although it meant a lot. The girl does not only bring medicine to heal Philips ailing tooth, but she also brings with her medicine, medicine that can be termed to as spiritual. The tooth in Freudian terminology can be considered as libido symbol. This is not necessarily the sexual libido. When Philip keeps dreaming about his loss, we are presented with the loss that a person can incur especially when one stands on your way either mentally, physically or emotionally. To Philip, his tooth was regarded to as a Gynopsis, it was still waiting for a proper stimulus for his anamnesis to be triggered. Libido can be also illustrated by the sleek phalliform fish. The shape of the fish makes it possible for it to glide silently in the unconscious minds of the deep waters. It is Christ who strengthens the Christians libido, he is the energy needed and the psyche that is very important. Christ does all these for those who believe in him and asks for nothing in return. I think that, like in my writing, reality is always a soap bubble, Silly Putty thing anyway. In the universe people are in, people put their hands through the walls, and it turns out they're living in anot her century entirely. ... I often have the feeling and it doesshow up in my books that this is all just a stage. Can any of us fix anything? No. None of us can do that. We're specialized. Each one of us has his own line, his own work. I understand my work, you understand yours(Dick 102). The society that man lives in is structured and equipped with a mechanism that forces people tom adapt to the conditions of live there. As the world keeps on evolving, people with skills and experience in a number of areas with be regarded as the indispensable assets that will lead the world forward. This thus means that specialization will be greatly valued. Anything that is outside a persons expertise will seem to be very complex, this is why no one can do everything and fix anything. According to Philip, he is categorical when saying that not everybody is capable to deal with all kinds of situations. Things according to Philip are so different and by this different approaches are required to deal with them. However, people with skills and specialization are regarded highly to fix a number of things that may be regarded to be spoilt. This is an implication that for anything to work efficiently and as it may be assumed, expertise is needed. Philip is said to have seen the soviets scientists in one of his dreams trying to mange and keep an alien satellite functioning. This to Philip was a way through which different experts were planning on attacking the peace of the world and bringing it crumbling down on its knees,with the complexity. "I want to write about people I love, and put them into a fictional world spun out of my own mind, not the world we actually have, because the world we actually have does not meet my standards" this is a quote that Phillip K Dick used after he released the novel Flow My Tears, the policeman said. In his works, he tries so much to bring real life experiences in his work of fiction making it unique and only to his own standards. This is one of the books that the fusion of nature with fiction can be seen as extrapolated by Dick. It portrays an imaginary future of the United States and he uses the past experiences of the United States to project the future, sometimes in satirical manner like suggesting that a sterilization law was put in place to control the population of the United States and most importantly for African Americans in America. The reason why this statement so much fits the argument he presents in the book is that he is so well acquainted with the character of his book and more so with their daily activities. Unlike many writers who were showing the effects that the racial disparity in the United States had so directly, he uses his work in form of a fictitious form that shows this disparity and the aid of a Whiteman to a black man. Apparently, there was so much difference in the interrelation of races in the United States at the time but what the book was projecting is that one day black men and white men would interact with ease. What a way to present something that would be guided by nature and which to you is only a projection of imagination than to use fiction (Dick 7). This was so creative of him but unlike makers of science fiction stories he made it that all things about nature taking its course are manifested in the work of literature. "In my writing I even question the universe; I wonder out loud if it is real, and I wonder out loud if all of us are real." These are words from the man who referred to himself as the philosopher of fictionalization. According to his books, A Scanner Darkly and Valis, one cannot help but to notice how dedicated the man was to simple things in life that had great impacts in life. These two books were mainly based on the daily activities of youngsters in America and concentrated mainly on what nature had to offer to the youths; that are in foorm of drugs. It therefore implies that Phillip was not only a writer but a strict and focused one whose aim was to glorify Mother Nature and advocating what was right for nature. A scanner darkly shows life in a fictionalized way but presents exactly what happens in the normal daily life of real people in the United States and even in other parts of the world. As he personally pointed out, "Everything in A Scanner Darkly I actually saw. This indicates that although the book was fictionalized, Philip Dick knew exactly what he was addressing in his book because not only was he familiar with the effects of the misuse of nature in drug abuse but he was personally a pusher at one time in his life and had even been in correctional facility in several instances (Dick, A Scanner Darkly 204). Substance D is presented in the book as coming from a types of plant with blue flowers, a creation beauty and which was on several occasions was used by addicts, he also shows the effects of these drugs when he pointed out that Bruce had been considered a walking shell of a man by his handlers. Apparently, the use of drugs was supposed to be so bad that a man suffering from drug abuse withdrawal or cessation, not to mention those who had already developed dependence were in so bad situations health wise that even medical practitioners loose hope of ever gettin g the men back in shape again. "The grasshopper shall be a burden" is a phrase that triggered Dick into writing his novel, the man on a high castle which shows the lives of Americans and the totalitarian government at the time and following the assassination of President Franklin Roosevelt. The whole novel is a fiction story that revolves around the governance of the United States and political atmosphere of the countries that surrounded America or were allies of America. Note that he indicates many aspects of nature that took course after a successful assassination of the head of the United States. Unfortunately, the life was too harsh for the people in the United States that the author conjures up an image that suggests that the president did not even die but was still the leader. This is a kind of fiction that he uses to draw the reader to the possibility of a reincarnation that was affecting the United States of America. Note that when we refer to nature, it may be even the intangible elements brought about by a certain situation in nature that have the propensity of causing some unwanted effects or changing the course of nature of the life of an individual. 'When a thing has history in it, listen. One of those two Zippo lighters was in Franklin D. Roosevelt's pocket when he was assassinated. And one wasn't. One has historicity, a hell of a lot of it, as much as any object ever had and one has nothing.... You can't tell which is which. There's no "mystical plasmic presence", no "aura" around it (Dick, The Man in the High Castle pp 65). This quote was used by dick to show the thinking and the reasoning of the elite class of the America and those of Britain which was at the time headed by winston churchil. All this have been put not only symblolically, satirical but also in a fictional manner that depicts that political atmosphere of the nation was not only dependent on the fear of people of their leadership but also the totalitarianism of the ruling class. It would be a great injustice for anybody denying that phillip Dick was not a man in love with nature and a man who knew exactly how nature affected the daily activities of the people o f america. Conclusion Literature is art and therefore demands that an individual becomes creative in designing how to present their information in the book. As has been indicated throughout the discussion, Phillip K Dick was a great author who presented all his views in a fictional setting which ranged from politics to simple things about lifestyle and most importantly his contribution in his last books in drug abuse. In as much as he was creative by presenting his experiences, as most of the books were personal accounts, through fictionalization to a point that he considered himself as fictionalization philosopher, he went ahead to forge an introduction of natures landscape and physical details in order to enhance the effectiveness of his presentation as well as assist an individual in the interpretation of the different works of literature. Note that in the world of art, in which literature dwells, the message is not presented in such a straight forward manner that the reader makes out the meaning immed iately but rather a reader is expected to decipher the meaning of the text from deep mental evaluation, what is commonly referred to as reading between the lines. As this is the case, in most of the books by Phillip, symbolism has been greatly used in the literature not only in a bid to fictionalization but also in an effort to present harmony in nature. Sometimes the landscape is presented to show the status of the people in which he is referring to. for instance in the rehabilitation center in the book A Scanner Darkly, he uses it to show the economic activities taking place there as well as the need for the drugs that had driven the members of the correctional facility to plant the plants that were a source of the drugs. All in all, it is true and in fact, quite right to conclude that the man was a master, not only of literature but also of presenting the facts of nature in his fictional creation of real life experiences showing different disparities among people not with words but with creation of imagery using what is physical and normal in the universe. Buy custom Philip Dick essay

Rites of Passage for Mesai and Nubian culture Research Paper

Rites of Passage for Mesai and Nubian culture - Research Paper Example In the Maasai culture, ceremonies are used as a way of expressing their culture and self-determination. All the ceremonies form a part of their lives because they are rites of passage. The younger Maasai boys and girls get very anxious to reach the right age and qualify to go through these rites of passage. The pre-circumcision ceremony referred to as Enkipaata is the first boy’s initiation. It is arranged by the fathers of the new age-set group. The ceremony is carried out only when the senior warriors have been settled. Boys aged between 14-16 years later move all around their land in a period of about five months giving information that they will be forming their new age-set. The boys going through initiation are offered a house which has been built in their respect. The Maasai prophet, known as Oloiboni, is responsible for choosing the location of the houses where all the boys of the whole community will be initiated. During this process, the chief of the boys, known as Olopolosi, is chosen, although this position is considered by the community as unfortunate. This is because the chief of the boys is the person supposed to carry all the sins committed by members of his age-group. The boys to be initiated are supposed to sleep in the forest, and at dawn they run towards the homestead and go in with a raider’s attitude. They dance throughout the day of the ceremony dressed in loose clothes. It is after this ceremony that the boys are ready for circumcision. The circumcision ceremony is the most important rite of passage in the Maasai community, for men and women. It is the process that develops young girls and boys from childhood to adulthood. However, due to upcoming challenges of civilization and the 21st century, circumcision for Maasai women has been fading over the years. Once a Maasai boy has been circumcised, they become warriors. After becoming warriors, they fully take the responsibility

Charater notebook Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Charater notebook - Article Example Additionally, Corie illustrates the theme of change as she seeks to change both Paul and Ethel’s preferences to conform to her own specifications. Consequently, she manages to change her mother’s view towards dating again, as the play reveals that Ethel spent the night at Victor’s house after the blind date. (Simon, 1964) After an argument with Paul, Corie manages to throw him out of the house and as a result of the alienation, Paul takes to drinking and adheres to Corie’s specifications of animproper and undignified man. The play is built on the concept of transition as each character tends to transition into new attributes after a different encounter in the play. Ethel was reserved about the blind date between her and Victor and during the blind date, Paul and Ethel sit on their chairs as Corie and Victor dance with the belly dancer. The twist in character changes sees Ethel step out of her comfort zone and spend the night with Victor on their first encounter a fete which Corie would not have anticipated. Paul decides to walk on the snow bare footed irrespective of his prior reservations stating that the snow was 17 degrees. With respect to the circumstance focused on in the play, the author illustrates the theme of change in the different acts. In act one, Corie notes Paul’s conservative attributes and states some instances where his reservations conflicted with her needs. She notes that while they were in a party, Paul kept staring at his coat instead of mingling with other people who were present.Paul is calm, reserved and dejected and only conforms to a given lifestyle due to factors derived from his career and general outlook to life. He appreciates order and is very reserved when he is in contact with new people, he comes across as a shy person but it is revealed that his line of work forces him to embrace his character. In one of their arguments, Corie states that Paul is just a