Logistic Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Logistic Research Paper - Essay Example The existence of a commodity, from a logistics point of view, is not terminated with transfer to the customer. The reverse logistics avenue should be perceived to be in the range of logistics control and planning (Ayers, 2000). This paper will look at warehousing as a component of logistics management. As logistic systems continue to get better, production and utilization has continued to separate according to geography. Regions continue to dedicate themselves to the products that may be produced most adequately. Surplus commodities may be transported affordably to different consuming or manufacturing regions, and essential commodities not manufactured at a local level are being imported (Chopra & Meindl, 2003). This process of exchange utilizes the standard of comparative advantage. The standard of comparative advantage, when utilized to world trade, helps to account for the high level of world trade that currently happens. Adequate logistic systems permit the international business es to make the most of the notion that people and their lands are not identically fruitful. Logistics and logistics management are essential aspects of trade. They contribute to an elevated standard of living for every individual. A considerable number of organizations, especially those with distinct product lines, suppose it is significant to connect their supply chain procedures to the commodities they put up for sale. This means that they divide their supply chains in accordance to their needs. In addition, logistics management allows organizations to undertake time-consuming and considerable activities, for example, warehousing. Logistics management may be utilized through warehousing. There are a number of areas where an individual may benefit from warehousing to manage a global, multidimensional, and complex supply chains and logistics, anticipate and meet customer demands, control costs, and enhance end-to-end supply chain processes. They include optimize distribution and sou rcing, Enhance the process of order fulfillment, establish a more stout supplier management techniques, and lessen international transport activities (Bordner, 2013). The leading warehouses in North America were in the recent times outlined in a distinguished article at Modern Material Handling by the fine folks. A number of value stream mapping events at tier one suppliers, for example, Johnson Controls, TRW, Magna, and Yazaki were undertaken in 2008, just prior to the collapse of the American auto manufacturing. When a person is designing a supply chain, a person should consider a warehouse. In previous times, a warehouse was perceived to be a tremendous waste of financial resources. In lean consulting, a person would frequently find over processing, rework, additional inventory, and other improvident activities in a warehouse. Nonetheless, the auto vehicle industry is stable again and warehouses have become significant parts of logistics (Lynch, 2013). In addition, a piece pick, also referred to as over-pack or broken case pick is a form of order selection procedure where motor vehicles are handled and picked in single units and positioned in a container before they can be shipped to their different areas. This is a convenient way for auto vehicle traders because they can order a single or more vehicles from the manufacturers. Moreover, there

Act II of Titus Andronicus Essay Example for Free

Act II of Titus Andronicus Essay In contemporary prose, but creating a voice and style which is suitable for the character write a dramatic monologue in the style of Aaron reflecting on the motivation for his actions at one point in Act II of Titus Andronicus. Act 2.3 Line 1 (page 114) Enter Aaron alone Hiding a bag of gold is not an act of absurdity; it is an act of retribution that I, Aaron have kindly donated to the spiteful Andronicus. The smell of sweet vengeance under my black second class citizen nose travels up through my right nostril and straight into my wisdom. My wisdom constantly conquering the smell of seduction that passes via the left nostril. Aaron’s mind trapped into achieving revenge. Whatever happens after this bag of gold vanishes, I promise to thee beautiful Tamora I am a man of my word. However a word may not be possibly used to characterize me. Rome’s beloved ornament metamorphosed into the Goths rape hole. The hole in which many men fall into. The day of doom is soon to commence, blood will emerge from these holes. Many years of untouched love will soon experience forced pleasure. Once this deed is done, the empress of my soul will have to be dealt with, the same way ornament of Rome’s chastity will be branded. Aaron digs up a hole and hides the bag of gold The wilderness surroundings are perfect this morning, hardly a bird in sight, the cold wind brushing green leaves past the buried treasure, covering its abused soil. Aaron takes a seat on a shallow tree stump The letter is ready to be sent; the tongue will soon be dealt with. Oh the way these dark tree’s would look more attractive with a hint of Andronicus blood splattered around it, Titus himself has slain his children so I may aswell join him! What sociopath slays there own children? Off with their heads! Here’s to villainy, and here’s to headless Rome. Oh if only headless Rome had Aarons charming eyes there would be no problem! Aaron mounts a big boulder, arises high After this day of doom commences, my lightning will have struck down Bassianus. One step closer to clutch my empress by her waist, her tender soft skin grasping onto my cold rough arms, many years of passionate love, yet so many years left to discover the wilderness of her body, the holes to drill by and the power to enforce to the people of Rome. My avidity towards my very own newborn, to cherish and love. A child to follow Aaron’s footsteps, a child whom will shine in pearl and gold. A child that will also put shame to the name of Andronicus. Alas! The smell of seduction overwhelming me through these thoughts going on through my mind. Time is ticking, vengeance is my priority. Aaron shall go and continue observing ensuring this lightning will strike Bassianus without any witnesses to sabotage this genius plan. Halt. Who continues to approach the great Aaron and interfere with his master plans? Enter Tamora alone with Aaron (466 words) The commentary: Within the first few sentences of the monologue I have used an extended metaphor. â€Å"Constantly conquering the smell of seduction that passes via the left nostril,† this is showing what Aaron is mainly focusing on throughout this monologue. The seduction being Tamora which is clashing with his drive to vengeance, â€Å"The smell of sweet vengeance.† I have used this metaphor to recreate what happens in act 2.3 when Tamora tries to seduce Aaron when she enters, which is showing how driven Aaron is to vengeance. I have put this monologue in before Tamora actually walks in to foreshadow the state of mind of Aaron, this is further backed up by â€Å"smell of seduction overwhelming me† and â€Å"Time is ticking, vengeance is my priority.† The repetition I have used here is used to enforce Aaron’s drive to vengeance. Shakespeare has used alliteration of ‘h’ to enforce Aaron’s drive to vengeance in act 2.3, â€Å"Blood and revenge are hammering in my head† this is what provoked me to repeat the idea of vengeance and seduction in the structure of my monologue; it reflects what Aaron is trying to conquer. I have repeated the word â€Å"hole† throughout this monologue because I realised a lot of the main events that occurred during Act 2.3 revolved around the idea of a hole/pit/ditch; â€Å"Metamorphosed into the Goths rape hole. The hole in which many men fall into.† Bassianus is found dead in a pit followed by Quintus and Martius who also fall into this â€Å"unhallowed and bloodstained hole.† Lavinia also having her ‘hole’ violated by force. The constant reference to a hole represents a mark of death; â€Å"blood-drinking pit.† It also can refer to the two fertile holes in this act which is both shown, the rape of lavinia and the seduction from Tamora. â€Å"Blood will emerge from these holes† this quote continues to symbolise the inevitable rape and death events due to take place soon in the act. â€Å"Hiding a bag of gold is not an act of absurdity; it is an act of retribution† by using this quote this is showing that Aaron is seeking retribution. I used the word ‘retribution’ due to Aaron’s stature in 1593 where Titus Andronicus was set; throughout the play he is referred to â€Å"Moor† and looked as a â€Å"devil† due to his â€Å"hue.† â€Å"Ay, like a black dog as the saying is† â€Å"Aaron will have his soul black like his face† here he is embracing what has been forced upon him. He has referred himself to a ‘black dog’ it’s almost as if he is doing these heinous deeds to fit his stereotypes. Shakespeare has referred black people to animals; ‘a toad.’ Throughout the book Aaron gets agony over the coulor of his skin. This can explain the motivation of his evil, as he has been treated like a second class citizen for far too long; he has been a victim of society. This is why this â€Å"bag of gold† is going to help him redeem retribution; the bag of gold is also referred to â€Å"buried treasure† which shows this bag has meaning, the stage direction of him burying in a hole shows this as well. In the start of act 2.3 he orders Tamora around, â€Å"Now question me no more; we are espied† from analysing this quote it goes to show that Aaron spends a lot of time planning his actions before executing them which shows he is very organised. I have reflected this in my monologue by using directional hypothesis in his words. â€Å"Tongue will be dealt with† â€Å"lightning will have struck down† by using the word â€Å"will† it is showing his determination in his planning. â€Å"Continues to approach the great Aaron and interfere with his master plans? The rhetorical question used here shows that Aaron’s character is much organised, it is also meant to show the hubris of him as a character as he has referred to him in 3rd person aswell as calling him â€Å"the great† and that his plans are â€Å"master plans.† All of the planning ahead and self belief in his words reflect his arrogant, self confident mind frame. â€Å"Sociopath slays there own children?† I have used these exact words to debate on how a character of such pure evil can contrast to the hero of the play. Titus having slain his son is looked down upon by Aaron, who from my eyes of the play is the sociopath. Me using the word ‘sociopath’ in this way shows that Aaron himself may not know that other people may class him as the sociopath; to him he is just that â€Å"second class citizen.† This could be the reason for his motivation of evil as throughout the play he is known as Aaron the ‘barbarous moor.’ Shakespeare has used stereotypes to Aaron’s skin coulor which suggests he is nothing but a typical evil black man; funnily enough his character reflects this throughout the play. I have used the quote â€Å"However a word may not be possibly used to characterize me† to suggest even Aaron himself does not know what he is; he has a richly complex and ambiguous appeal. In at 2.3 when he tells Tamora â€Å"Blood and revenge are hammering in my head† but does not tell us any specific reason why apart from the war against the Goths and Rome suggests his actions are all evil. When it comes down to children he seems to have an interesting contrast to parenthood compared to Titus. I have foreshadowed Aaron’s kindness to children because later on in the play he himself has a child. â€Å"A child whom will shine in pearl and gold. A child that† this quote is meant to show Aarons desperation to children, this is also the reason why I have mentioned Tamora’s seduction to be on his mind as much as revenge, revenge is his priority yet it makes sense why Tamora could is his second priority. The stage directions used in this monologue is also briefly showing Aaron is up to something, Enter Aaron alone, Aaron digs up a hole and hides the bag of gold, Aaron takes a seat on a shallow tree stump, Enter Tamora alone with Aaron. From these stage directions the structure of them is leading to something inevitable, I have used the stage directions in this effect because Shakespeare uses a lot of stage directions throughout Titus to structure the scene chronologically so it is much more effective. Overall Aaron can be interpreted as this loathsome, diabolical character with an obnoxious attitude. However I ultimately think those who are brought up in a society where being a different coulor is basically illegal influences the way the character undertakes life later on. I think the evil that lurks inside Aaron is innate, and it is there not to inflict pain, but to deliver an act of retribution due to the way he has been treated in early life.

Approaches To Sport And Exercise

Approaches To Sport And Exercise Critically discuss interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches to sport and exercise science within the professional experience undertaken in term 1. Support your answers with relevant literature and theory Research within sport and exercises science is done in many different disciplines. The majority of published research, however, is mono-disciplinary (from a singular discipline) in nature (Burwitz et al. 1994). A professional experience was undertaken to assess the approaches to inter and multi-disciplinary within sport and exercise science research. The experience was of a sport science nature which involved assisting in an undergraduate research project of 3D biomechanical analysis of a gymnastic vault using CODA, focussing specifically on the approach and springboard take-off. Sports biomechanics uses the scientific methods of mechanics to study the effects of various forces on the sports performer (Bartlett, 2007). It is important to monitor technique in gymnastics to help prevent injury and improve performance. It is then possible to feed this information back to coaches to highlight strengths and weaknesses of individual athletes. Multi or inter-disciplinary research requires a combination of methods and knowledge from more than one sub-discipline (Burwitz et al. 1994). This essay will outline what multi and inter-disciplinary approaches to sport and exercise science are, compare how similar they are and then show how they differ. It will then outline how the two approaches can be applied to the professional experience undertaken. An interdisciplinary approach within sport and exercise science involves a partnership of coaches with sport and exercise scientists such as physiologist or psychologists. Smith (2005) split sport science from exercise science due to differences of individual needs from elite athletes to members of the public. Smith (2005) described sport science as being characterised by collaborations with coaches and performance directors and exercise science as being characterised by collaborations with general practitioners and professionals allied to medicine. Interdisciplinary research needs to involve a strong integration of information from more than one sub-discipline of sport and exercise science from the outset of a particular research programme (Burwitz et al. 1994). Williams and James (2001) stated that a sport or exercise team should have a scientific basis. Williams and James (2001) also developed a model to demonstrate inter-disciplinary approaches, where the goal of the sport or exe rcise is affected by each area involved. Multi-disciplinary research involves less integration of the sub-disciplines of sport and exercise science. Each discipline tends to work in parallel on a common topic (Burwitz et al. 1994). Miles et al (1997) adapted Burwitz et al. (1994) definition to state that multi-disciplinary research involves sport and exercise scientists working together to solve a problem in an isolated unitary fashion and co-coordinated manor. In a multi-disciplinary approach each sub-discipline will look for problems to a solution from within only that discipline, for example a biomechanist will look at technique. Then each discipline will collate their results, whereas in an interdisciplinary approach the biomechanist may work with a physiologist to look at technique changes due to fatigue (Burwitz et al. 1994). Multi-disciplinary research may be the result of a lack integration of sub-disciplines from the outset of sport and exercise science, and so it is harder to integrate then together when trying to bring about an inter-disciplinary approach to problem solving. Multi and inter-disciplinary research are both ways of improving research and developing is away from mono-disciplinary work in sport and exercise sciences. The majority of sport and exercise research is mono-disciplinary (Burwitz et al 1994) which is when research looks solely at one sub-discipline and provides answers and conclusions from only that discipline. Both multi and inter-disciplinary approaches endeavour to link sub-disciplines, such as psychology and biomechanics, together to improve the ability to solve problems such as injury, fatigue and poor technique. Both approaches work in teams or groups (that include the sport and exercises scientists, coacher or practitioners and the athlete or patient) to combine knowledge and methods from their different areas. Despite these similarities there are still major differences between the two stated approaches. The inter-disciplinary approach appears to be the best way to bring about improvements as it integrates the sub-disciplines which takes the form of ‘bridge-building (Squires et al 1975) which requires a combination of specialist knowledge from various disciplines focusing on a specific problem. Contrastingly, multi-disciplinary approaches collate rather than combine knowledge; therefore the sub-disciplines work separately during research processes before coming together to attempt to reach a conclusion about a stated problem (Burwitz et al 1994). It is also believed that an interdisciplinary approach will reveal potential conflicts between the sub-disciplines (Burwitz et al 1994). As there is immediate interaction between sub-disciplines, an opinion given by one area is disputed by another. This is less likely to occur in multi-disciplinary approaches as sub-disciplines do not work i n direct contact with one another. Despite the above examples no clear definition is given of the distinctions between the two approaches because many sport and exercise scientists have regarded multi and inter-disciplinary as synonymous terms (Burwitz et al 1994). The professional experience was involved with sport science which smith (2001) described as being characterised by collaborations with coaches and performance directors. It was first and foremost a biomechanical approach. Biomechanics is a highly scientific and mathematical based sub-discipline, usually looking at technique, and problems with technique, as causes of problems such as injury and failure of achievement. Gymnastics is a sport that utilises these methods frequently as it is a very technical sport where injuries can be common. This is due to the fact that gymnastics encompasses a seemingly endless quantity of movement skills (George 1980). During the professional experience questions were putt to the researcher regarding the involvement of other sub-disciplines to determine the dimension of the research. These questions were: ‘are there any sport scientists or performance director present for sub-disciplines other than biomechanics to help assess the primary information gathered from the research? ‘Will the results of the research be collated with other sub-disciplines and fed back to the performer? From the answers given to these questions it was concluded that the research being carried out was mono-disciplinary as there was no interaction, in any way, with other sub-disciplines. As discussed above there is an increasing need from multi or inter-disciplinary research in sport and exercise science, this study may have been improved by the introduction of other sub-disciplines and the feedback given to an athlete would have increased in value. The research itself was looking at the approach and take off of the gymnast during the vault, as well as having technique assessed biomechanically, the researcher may have advised the athlete to be assessed by a physiologist or physiotherapist, this may produce results that show differences in muscle pair which could lead to injury, for example one calf being larger than the other, which could mean production of force at take of is unbalanced. This could then be fed to the biomechanist who has also found that during takeoff the gymnast has been unbalanced and therefore the athlete would need to undergo strengthening in the shorter calf to get it up to a similar size to the other calf. This would create a multi-disciplinary approach as sub-disciplines of sport science will have collated data after the research to improve feed back to the performer. It may also have been helpful to have had a psychologist present at the time of testing who had watched the subject in competition and seen if their routine or performance differed between in and out of competition performance. It may be possible that the pressure of performing in competition had led the athlete miss time a move which led to a decrease in performance; the psychologist could then work with the performer to help improve confidence during competition and therefore improve the athletes performance. This would create an inter-disciplinary approach as sub-disciplines of sport science will have integrated during research to improve feed back to the performer. If the approachs dimension was changed to either a multi or an inter-disciplinary approach it will give the gymnast a much better chance of improving performance in competition. The professional experience undertaken was shown to be mono-disciplinary as it was a piece of research focusing solely on the biomechanics of the approach and take off of the gymnastics vault. As discussed above introducing further dimensions to the research may have been more beneficial to the athlete as they may receive more feedback. However the piece of research was an undergraduate study which had a primary focus on biomechanics and introducing other sub-disciplines may have confused the findings and taken away from the aims of the research. This essay has described multi and inter-disciplinary approaches within sport science and described their application within a sporting context.

A Comparison of Illusion in The Cherry Orchard and A Dolls House Essay

Dangers of Illusion in The Cherry Orchard and A Doll's House   Ã‚  Ã‚   In the plays, The Cherry Orchard, by Anton Chekhov, A Doll's House, by Henrik Ibsen, and Galileo, by Bertolt Brecht, the protagonists' beliefs are a combination of reality and illusion that shape the plot of the respective stories.   The ability of the characters to reject or accept an illusion, along with the foolish pride that motivated their decision, leads to their personal downfall.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Cherry Orchard Gayev and Miss Ranevsky, along with the majority of their family, refuse to believe that their estate is close to bankruptcy.   Instead of accepting the reality of their problem, they continue to live their lives under the illusion that they are doing well financially.   The family continues with its frivolous ways until there is no money left (the final night they have in the house before it is auctioned, they throw an extravagant party, laughing in the face of impending financial ruin.) Even when Lopakhin attempts to rescue the family with ideas that could lead to some of the estate being retained, they dismiss his ideas under the illusion that the situation is not so desperate that they need to compromise any of their dignity. Lopakhin: As you know, your cherry orchards are being sold to pay your debts.   The auction is on the twenty second of August.   But there’s no need to worry, my dear.   You can sleep soundly.   There’s a way out.   Here’s my plan.   Listen carefully, please.   Your estate is only about twelve miles from town, and the railway is not very far away.   Now all you have to do is break up your cherry orchard and the land along the river into building plots and lease them out for country cottages.   You ¹ll then have an income ... ... 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   You have a good thesis statement that introduces a complex discussion.   3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Your organization of the paper is also well developed.   However, you seem to begin new paragraphs too frequently. For example, in your discussion of A Doll’s House, you used several paragraphs to discuss the faults of Nora and her husband and then another paragraph for her growth.   All of the paragraphs discussing their faults could be condensed into one paragraph. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When citing a quote, you do not need to actually write the word â€Å"page† it is understood that the numbers are page numbers. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Also when quoting, the punctuation of the last sentence should come after the parentheses of the citation and not before. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Be careful with verb tenses.   If you begin your sentence using the past tense the rest of your sentence should remain in the past tense.

Raymond George Neher :: essays research papers fc

Because roads, streets, highways, boulevards, and freeways are an everyday part of our life, they understandably are part of our art. In the foreground or the background, they secure our art to reality, serve as symbols, or twist and turn in ways never dreamed by the imagination. Raymond Neher used roads and highways as his subject in many of his paintings. He began painting for his own benefit, because he â€Å"Enjoyed putting brush to canvas.† Raymond George Neher was born in Orange, New Jersey on September 14, 1943; he was the only child to Rudolph Neher and Evelyn Posadzki. Neher was awarded his Bachelor of Architecture form the Carnegie Mellon University and his Masters from the Columbia University. He began his career as an architect in New York City. In 1973 he transferred to San Francisco, California, where he worked on the Master Plan for a New Community in Ahwaz, Iran. He was well known and appreciated for his work in historical restorations and adaptive reuse. His projects included work on art and science museums, hotels and spas, hospital and medical school, as well as construction administration. As an artist his career spanned nearly 40 years. Neher worked mostly in acrylic paint on canvas. His works have been shown in exhibitions all across the United States of America and are in private collections throughout the United States, as well as Amsterdam, Rome and Santorini, Greece. Neher joined the Fort Mason Prin tmakers in the early 1980’s and created etchings and monoprints that often complemented his canvas work. Many of his subjects sprang from his travels around California’s Central Valley Interstate 5 highway. His roadscapes paintings he created were on photo quality. The images he creates, whether it is a highway, a bridge or a suburban street, are always free of pollution, road kill and litter. The paintings are full of colour which makes the painting a bit surreal, as if the image is just too good to be true. All his roadscapes are from the perspective a person in a vehicle on the road, making the viewer feel more engaged with the painting, as if they are actually there. The painting above is called Mount Hood Highway. Neher has used such contrasting colours to layer the painting. His use of straight lines and angles on the road, pine trees and the snow covered mountain in the background brake up the painting causing the painting to be easier to take in by the viewer.

The Most Important Event in My Life Essay -- essays research papers

The Most Important Event in my Life   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most important event in my life, didn’t even happen to myself, but happened to my older sister, Becky. The reason I am writing about her is because the things that have happened to her and the things she has done in the past have affected me tremendously as well as my family. Her life used to be filled with nothing else but drugs, stealing, and lying. My family has never been the same since then.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It all started out when my very shy, self-conscious sister didn’t really fit in well. She was 16, chubby and had very few friends. One day Becky’s best friend Debbie introduced her to 19 year old guy name John. Becky and John hit it off very well and started dating by the next week. They spent all their time together; he came to our family events but was very quiet and didn’t really talk to anyone besides my sister. Over the next couple of months, my family and I saw a change in Becky. She was losing lots of weight and we questioned her and she just claimed she was on a diet, so we thought nothing else of it. We also noticed another change in Becky, she not only lost about 30 pounds in a couple of months, but every time we talked to her she had this look on her face that she was about to fall asleep, or at least pass out. She then proceeded to claim that she was tired, so again there was nothing we could do.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a couple of years went by she was gaining ...

A Personal Theory of Counseling: The Holmes Approach Essay

Perhaps nothing is as significant to the success of the therapeutic process and nothing represents the foundation of successful therapy more than one’s personal theory of counseling. All individuals in all aspects of life work from some belief system, perspective, or model of how the world works, how things are, and how things interact. Developing a deep understanding of one’s own personal theory leads to better decision-making with respect to the therapeutic process, including therapist approach and client interaction. Such an understanding also promotes a greater ability to intervene more effectively with clients whose values are in contrast to one’s own. Being aware of one’s own personal theory of the world and, subsequently, one’s view of counseling, also helps the therapist identify individual strengths and areas for improvement. The personal orientation of the therapist is a sum total of many influences such as interests, self-awareness, experience, values, and compassion for others, among many other things. Such influences have a direct impact on one’s personal theory of counseling. For instance, my Christian upbringing, experiences, and beliefs have a significant impact on my personal view of the world and others and, therefore, also on my theory of counseling. My religious beliefs and values coincide with some therapeutic approaches and not others. As clients will be most happy when the therapeutic approach is most in alignment with their own personal values, so the therapist will fill most rewarded and happiest approaching the therapeutic process from a foundation that is congruent with their own personal values. The same is true for one’s personal skills and temperament. The process of developing a personal theory of counseling is a bit like shopping for the best fitting clothes. One may find a suit jacket that fits best in an upscale designer clothing store, a shirt that fits best in a retail chain store, a pair of slacks that fit best in a seconds outlet, and a pair of shoes that fit best from a catalogue store. Likewise, one’s personal theory of counseling that fits best is often a synthesis of several different approaches. Despite finding such a fit, the therapist must remain aware of the fact that all theories work with some clients while no theory works with all clients. Such self-awareness enables the therapist to affirm that theories of counseling offer only a partial understanding of human behavior, thinking, growth, and healing and not a definitive or total one. For these reasons, a synthesis of different counseling theories offers a more effective approach. Yet despite such a synthesis or individual theory of counseling, the therapist is charged with the task of continuous, ongoing learning with respect to understanding and working with people. A comprehensive personal theory must deal with the truth that is at the base of the problem. This can be achieved by taking into account various components such as personality structure, motivation, human development, individual differences, health, illness, techniques, effectiveness and the biblical worldview which are all parts of a comprehensive counseling theory (Hawkins, 2006d). To be effective biblical counselors we must have the attitude of Crabb when he stated, â€Å"My overriding goal must be in every circumstance to respond biblically, to put the Lord first, to live in subjection to the father’s will as Christ did (Crabb, 1988, p. 20). † Counselors that get results take into consideration the whole person (e. g. mind, body, soul). Unlike secular counselors, the effective biblical counselor understands that if the counselee encounters a problem we must go back to the manufacturer, which is God who is the answer to the problem. My personal theory of counseling is, indeed, a synthesis of different influences and therapeutic approaches. Of these influence s and theories, the following are the foundation of my personal theory of counseling: Christianity, particularly the examples of the life of Jesus Christ and person-centered theory. For ease of use and future development purposes, I have labeled my personal theory of counseling the Holmes approach. Influences from various approaches form my worldview on people, behavior, thinking, growth, and healing. Within the Holmes approach to counseling, I find a form of modeling, interaction with others, and creation of an environment that most promotes growth and healing. In considering the development of a personal philosophy, several key areas are considered. First, a personal theory includes assumptions about human nature. Second, a theory addresses key concepts including personality development, learning theory, an explanation of health versus ill health, and the roles of behavior, cognition, and affect, among others. Third, therapeutic goals and objectives are considered. Fourth, a personal theory elucidates the therapeutic process which defines the role and function of the counselor, the therapeutic relationship, and the client’s experience. Finally, primary techniques and procedures are identified that are used to facilitate change. The following is an initial, sophomoric sense of my own developing personal theory. Assumptions About Human Nature The main component of my personal theory of counseling is the person-centered approach developed by Carl Rogers. This approach will be my main one for interaction with clients. The reason for person-centered theory driving my therapeutic approach is because its outlook or worldview toward individual function and interaction is most congruent with my own beliefs and values. Person-centered therapy is a humanistic therapy that focuses on individual existence and change (Corey, 2009; Leijssen, 2008; Stiles, Barkham, Mellor-Clark, & Connell, 2008; Wilkins & Gill, 2003; Ziegler, 2002). The principles of Carl Rogers’ work are founded on respect for others, demonstrated by treating everyone with empathy, honesty and giving them unconditional acceptance (Corey, 2009). Person-centered therapy makes the assumption that individuals have the natural or innate power to heal themselves (Corey, 2009). The person-centered or client-centered approach to therapy posits a client-therapist relationship geared toward encouraging these intrinsic healing abilities (Stiles et al. , 2008; Wilkins & Gill, 2003). The view that each individual has within him or her ability to grow and heal is congruent with my Christian belief that within our self is our power of strength through Christ. As 1 Chronicles 20: 10 expresses, â€Å"Wealth and honor come from you; you are the ruler of all things. In your hands are strength and power,† (NKJV). Through the reading Dr. Ronald Hawkins’ model for guiding the counseling process poses that man should be viewed as a set of five concentric circles (Hawkins, 2006). The first circle is the human spirit which portrays God but is inevitably sinful. The second circle is the soul, where the person’s feelings, thoughts, will, and conscience are included. The third is the person’s physical body. Lastly, he adds two more circles to demonstrate components or elements of influence affecting persons. One is labeled as temporal systems such as education, economy, government, society, church, friends, and family. The other is labeled as supernatural systems, mainly God, Satan, good angels, and fallen angels. Hawkins’ model focuses in on the actions of the individual. Key Concepts Genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathetic understanding are the main components of the stance modeled by the therapist toward the client in person-centered therapy (Leijssen, 2008). Rogers argued that these three elements in and of themselves are sufficient for promoting change and fuller functioning in clients. A main goal of the person-centered approach is to assist clients through exhibition of these aspects in coming to a fuller acceptance of self-worth (Corey, 2009; Wilkins & Gill, 2003; Ziegler, 2002). Unconditional positive regard and acceptance from the therapist promotes greater self-awareness and self-acceptance in clients (Corey, 2009). Therapy is the means by which clients will remove the personal barriers that constrain and restrict the natural power of self-growth and healing. The inherent worth of the individual forms the basis of the main ideas behind person-centered therapy, as well as Christianity (Adams, 2009; Leijssen, 2008; Reinert, Edwards, & Hendrix, 2009). The goal of accepting Christ into one’s life is similar to the goal of therapy in the person-centered approach; the need of the client for self-acceptance (Leijssen, 2008). As the goal of accepting Christ equates to being saved, a condition of worthiness, so the person-centered therapist is charged with the goal of seeking, in a non-directive manner, to assist the client in confronting feelings and beliefs that prevent the client from achieving congruence between such feelings and beliefs and self-image (Adams, 2009; Leijssen, 2008; Reinert et al. , 2009). The scripture tells us in Romans 15:1-3, â€Å"We then who are strong ought to bear with the scruples of the weak, and not to please ourselves. Let each of us please his neighbor for his good, leading to edification. For even Christ did not please Himself; but as it is written, ‘The reproaches of those who reproached You fell on Me’,† (NKJV). Our Lord and Savior wants our lives to be edified through one another. Holmes therapy, as with person-centered therapy, will enable those in the helping profession to care for our brothers and sisters in love, not by judging or trying to solve their problems, but by just being there to help carry the load and enable them to live much more freely. As with Jay Adams (1986), in this system the true goal of Christian counseling is sanctification through the power of the Holy Spirit. The change for which Christian counselors strive has a spiritual direction and their aim is to help people prosper in the right direction. All change toward God is good, and all change away from God is bad. Sanctification, change toward God is the goal of all Christian counseling,† (Adams, 1986, p. xiii). The fundamental goal of Holmes therapy is not necessar ily symptom relief. Rather, the therapy involves identifying and exploring mistaken goals and ineffective beliefs and values so that the client can make choices that are more congruent with their true self. In exploring these issues, the client will gain a more meaningful sense of who they are and come to accept that they have the freedom to control their life, but with that freedom comes the responsibility of the choices that they make. By accepting this responsibility, the client will be able to develop a more accurate identity which gives greater meaningfulness to their life and develop the tools to identify and fulfill their needs defined by this ‘new, developing’ self. Therapeutic change occurs for the client in stages as they become more and more independent from the therapist. The healed client will be one who lives without the guise of pretense and who can accurately perceive his or her needs, opportunities, and self-worth in the external environment. As individuals can actualize their innate potentiality through a relationship with Christ, the Holmes therapist assists the client in recognizing their innate potentiality. Growth, healing, and enrichment of life are all possible due to this innate ability. The golden rule of Christian faith is to do unto others as you would have others do unto you. Such interaction in person-centered therapy stems from the creation of an environment of unconditional positive regard. As one must willingly come to Christ to receive the benefits of such a life, the functions and role of the therapist in person-centered therapy is non-directive (Leijssen, 2008). The therapist does not provide answers or interpret what the client says or probe for unconscious conflicts or even direct the client toward specific topics. Instead, the therapist provides a â€Å"safe† and â€Å"unchallenging† environment of empathetic listening and unconditional positive regard in which the client feels comfortable self-disclosing feelings, beliefs, and attitudes (Leijssen, 2008). The therapist then restates or reframes the words of the client. The role for the client is to challenge his or her own feelings, especially those that are negative and undermine self-worth, and to be self-revealing. When fusing Christianity, person-centered therapy, and behavior therapy in the Holmes approach the function of the counselor is to serve as an informed guide, but non-judgmental through the client’s process of change. In order to do this, the counselor needs to assess where the client is right now. There is little need to dwell on where the client has been other than when assessing how previous patterns of thoughts and behaviors have affected their current state (Corey, 2009). The counselor helps the client understand their approach to life and how maladaptive strategies and choices have affected their ability to meet their needs and feel happy (Corey, 2009; Terjesen, Salhany, & Scuiotto, 2009; Zeigler, 2002). Moreover, the counselor helps the client see their role in creating their misery and helps the client â€Å"own up to† their current state. This facilitates taking responsibility for one’s current existence and sets the stage for the client in accepting personal responsibility for their change process. To support this, the counselor helps instill a greater sense of hope and points of positive qualities of the client that can or already are contributing to their growth. Taken from the person-centered and behavior therapies, in the Holmes approach the client’s role in therapy is that of a learner in the sense that they will gain awareness and insight into how they operate, their self defeating beliefs and erroneous attributions, and how poor choices have affected their ability to fulfill needs and desires (Corey, 2009; Terjesen et al. , 2009; Zeigler, 2002). The client develops the willingness (or courage) to attempt change when they realize the responsibility they have in giving their life meaning, abandoning ineffective beliefs/attitudes, and making choices that lead to need/want fulfillment. In essence, the client comes to an understanding that they are the only one that can ‘solve’ their problems. I believe the therapeutic relationship is the catalyst that permits the client to accept their role in the change process. In accordance with the Rogerian view (Raskin, Rogers, & Witty, 2008) it is vital that the counselor and client operate as collaborative equals, despite any desire by the client for therapeutic directives (Corey, 2009; Terjesen, Salhany, & Scuiotto, 2009; Zeigler, 2002). In this relationship the counselor’s most important contribution is genuineness. Such authenticity allows the counselor to interact with the client in a congruent way and be ‘real’ with the client. Unconditional positive regard and acceptance as well as empathetic understanding are also part of the relationship. These aspects of the relationship allow the client to experience their interaction with the counselor as genuine and foster trust and self acceptance. These attributes help the client see themselves in a more positive light and encourage the client to take risks necessary for change.